An effect of cerium dioxide nanoparticles on metabolic processes in the body of broiler chickens

Abstract

The scope of application of cerium dioxide and its special physical and chemical properties are considered in the work. The effect of the size factor on the properties of nanodispersed cerium dioxide determines the biological activity of the material, low toxicity and high oxygen non-stoichiometry. Specific properties of CeO2 include the ability to regenerate oxygen non-stoichiometry, which is expressed in the ability of cerium dioxide nanoparticles to return to their initial state after participating in the redox process in a relatively short period of time, which enables their repeated use. Nanoparticles, due to their small size, easily penetrate into the body through the respiratory, digestive, and skin organs and exhibit more pronounced biological activity due to the large surface area per unit mass. The change in the physical and chemical mechanisms of action of nanoparticles is due to the fact that most of the atoms are on the surface. Such an arrangement changes the physical, chemical, biological, toxicological properties of the substance and facilitates the interaction of nanoparticles with a living organism. Once inside a biological system, nanoparticles come into contact with a number of physical and chemical features of the organism, which affect their properties and can change the response. These features are largely due to the ability to pass through the redox cycle between two natural oxidation states (Ce3+ and Ce4+). The influence of cerium dioxide nanoparticles on metabolic processes in the body of broiler chickens has been established. Their introduction contributed to an increase in the content of total lipids in the blood by 24.6–31.3%, albumins – by 16–22%, and a decrease in the content of uric acid to the level of 63–67% of the control. Non-toxicity of poultry meat treated with nano-cerium for consumers was established. The high degree of biocompatibility, low toxicity and catalytic activity of nanodispersed cerium dioxide make it possible to consider it as a promising nanobiomaterial for use in biology, medicine and agriculture.