The Influence of Various Forms of Selenium on Redox Processes, Gene Expression of Selenoproteins, Antioxidant Status in Biological Objects

Abstract

In this review, we consider literature data that offer the concept of the presence of a sensory physicochemical barrier between an organism with its functional genome and the environment (exposure), called the redox interface. Oxidation reduction of proteins (proteome) is considered as an important element of the organism’s adaptation to the environment. The positioning of Se and selenoproteins at the redox border offers an analogue to consider the more general interaction of the genome with exposomes. Data are presented showing the role of selenoproteins in various metabolic processes, such as redox dependent signaling. The collective functioning of these signaling connections in the body creates an adaptive network through which the genome uses resources and protects cells from environmental threats. The influence of neo organic and organic forms of selenium on the expression of selenoprotein genes, productivity, metabolic and immune processes in the body of aquaculture objects is described.