Amino acid and mineral composition of milk from local Ukrainian cows and their crossbreedings with Brown Swiss and Montbeliarde breeds

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze the mineral composition of milk, the amino acid compositionof milk protein, and the productivity per 305 days of lactation in crossbred cows compared to pure-breedlocal Ukrainian analogues. The research was conducted at cows of the Ukrainian Black-Spotted (UBS)dairy breed and crossbred cows of the first-generation obtained as a result of crossing with Brown Swissbreed and at cows of the Ukrainian Red-Spotted (URS) dairy breed and crossbred cows of the first-generation obtained by crossing of the URS dairy breed with Montbeliarde breed. In both farms therewere two groups of pure-breed and crossbred cows-analogues. The mineral composition of milk and itstechnological properties in crossbred cows were higher compared to the pure-breed analogues. The fatcontent of milk crossbred cows exceeded by 0.08-0.16%, protein exceeded by 0.15-0.22%, and the maintrace elements include Ca and P – by 2.66-8.83 and 2.12-7.81 mg/100 g of milk, respectively. Milkprotein of crossbred cows was marked by a more balanced composition of essential amino acids (EAAs)and their ratio suitable for processing. The amount of EAAs in 100 g of milk protein of crossbred cowswas 3.11-6.25% higher compared to local analogues. Crossbred cows dominatedpure-breedanaloguesbythemineralcompositionofmilk. The authors recommend the use of Montbeliarde or Brown Swiss breeds in commercial herds to improve the technological properties of milk