Heredity of main ear grain weight in F1 of soft winter wheat according to genotype of initial forms and hydrothermal conditions of the year.

Abstract

In 2020-2022, the types of inheritance of grain weight of the main ear in F1 were studied during the hybridisation of short, medium, and tall varieties of soft winter wheat. The obtained hybrids formed a grain weight of the main ear ranging from 1.48 g to 3.01 g, while the parental forms ranged from 1.24 g to 2.05 g. The determined indices of the degree of phenotypic dominance (hp = -23.0 to 273.0) indicate significant differentiation. In most cases, the grain weight of the main spike was inherited with positive superdominance (hp = 1.3 to 273.0), accounting for 86.5% of hybrids. Negative dominance was observed in six hybrids (5.8%), partial positive dominance in four (3.8%), intermediate inheritance in three (2.9%), and partial negative inheritance in one hybrid. Over the three years, heredity by the type of positive superdominance was observed in 21 out of 36 crossing combinations, predominantly when the maternal form was one of the local varieties, Bilotserkivska semi-dwarf and Lisova Pisnya. The conducted studies indicate a significant influence of the parental components of hybridisation and the hydrothermal conditions of the year on the formation of grain weight of the main ear in F1, as well as on the determined indices of the degree of phenotypic dominance.