“Green” nanoparticles of metals and nonmetals in animal and poultry feeding

Abstract

The integration of nanotechnology in veterinary medicine and animal husbandry has led to the development of innovative feed additives based on green-synthesized metal and non-metal nanoparticles. These nanoparticles, produced using plant extracts, microorganisms, and enzymatic systems, offer numerous advantages, including enhanced bioavailability, optimized metabolism, and improved immune responses. This study highlights the mechanisms of green synthesis, focusing on the role of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and microbial metabolites in forming nanoparticles with specific physicochemical properties. The biological benefits of silver, zinc, copper, selenium, and silicon nanoparticles in animal nutrition are discussed, emphasizing their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and metabolic regulatory functions. Additionally, the environmental safety of green nanoparticles is evaluated, underscoring their potential to replace chemically synthesized counterparts. The findings suggest that green nanotechnology can improve livestock productivity and health while contributing to sustainable agricultural practices. Future research should explore optimal dosages, biodegradation pathways, and long-term impacts on animal physiology and food safety.