The degree of genetic stability of amphidiploids from Triticinae tribe

Abstract

Ther improvement requires the expansion and enrichment of the gene pool. One of the sources of valuable genes for adaptive traits is considered to be related wild species of wheat, the involvement of which is possible through remote hybridization. However, the wide application of this method is severely limited due to a certain level of biological incompatibility of the crossed species: there is often no normal chromosome pairing, which leads to low fertility and the transfer of foreign genes to the genetic background of cultivated species as whole chromosomes or large translocations. Also, amphidiploids and lines with foreign introgressions show a certain level of genetic instability, because they experience the so-called «genomic shock». The purpose of this research was to study the «genomic shock» in amphidiploids from species of the tribe Triticinae, from the genus Aegilops and Triticum. The plants were analyzed by a set of morphological features and electrophoretic spectra of storage proteins (gliadins). A search was made for plants that would have deviations from the typical morphotype or electrophoretic profi le of the corresponding amphidiploid. Such deviations could indicate the course of «genomic shock» caused by polyploidization. The study of this phenomenon is important to fi nd methods of accelerating diploidization processes, restoration of genetic stability and normal fertility in amphidiploids. The results of the study showed the stable expression of the morphological features in all studied amphidiploids. Examination of the electrophoretic spectra of gliadins revealed the presence of some grains, which were marked either by the presence of additional protein components or by the absence of certain components. It cannot be ruled out that the appearance of atypical grains among the off spring of the studied amphidiploids may be a consequence of the «genomic shock».