Increasing yields of winter wheat by means of sowing orientation of grain.

Abstract

By means of the studies of the influence of the method of sowing of winter wheat grains containing germs oriented upwards, the increase of the wheat yields in comparison with the traditional horizontal position of the sown grain was established. The mechanism of the physiological process of the promotion of growth of the primary roots and wheat stems in the course of germination is revealed. Shou-Chen Ma studied the effect of the sowing time and sowing rate on the yield components and winter wheat use efficiency. Bakhram Andzaryan was engaged in determining the optimum date of sowing of wheat using the model CSM-CERES-Wheat. We are investigating the increase in the wheat yield by oriented seeding of the grain. The experimental studies confirmed the accelerated growth of the indicators of the weight and size of wheat, sown vertically with the germs oriented up wards, in comparison both with the germs oriented downwards and by means of the horizontal sowing method. The crucial influence of the methods of grain orientation in the soil on the background of the optimum depth of the position of the germ, when the level of moisture of the soil is determined, both on the process of vegetation and the yield, has been proved. Besides, it is established that due to the application of the vertical sowing method, when germs are oriented upwards, and the advanced vegetation of all parts of the plant, such as: the root system, stem, head and grain, the yield of winter wheat can be increased by 32 %, in comparison with the control samples. We can state that the mechanism of wheat growth promotion and the possibility for introducing it into an expanded classification of methods, used to enhance the germination activity of plants, while applying a wide range of pre-cultivating methods of the sowing material, can be confirmed. Thus, the obtained results show an advantage of the sowing method, when the germ is oriented upwards, expressed in the increase in the yields, both quantitatively and qualitatively. The results also indicate the attractiveness of such technical means for crops oriented specially.