Вихідний матеріал для селекції пшениці м’якої озимої за пластичністю та стабільністю

Abstract

За результатами досліджень 2007–2014 рр. у станційному сортовипробуванні проведено оцінку цінності сортів пшениці м’якої озимої. Визначено екологічну пластичність і стабільність вихідного матеріалу для раціонального використання у виробництві і отримання максимальної віддачі, а також планування селекційних досліджень.Resulted from experimental studies in the 2007-2014, in the station variety trials assessment of practical value of winter bread wheat varieties has been carried out. Ecological plasticity and stability of the source material for rational using for production and obtaining maximum return, as well as planning breeding research were defined. Conditions and methods of research. In breeding winter wheat it is necessary along with assessment of the level of productivity – that is, genetically determined average yield of variety in specific environmental conditions, to know the nature of its reaction to the environments. Indices of the degree of the reaction of genotypes to changing environmental conditions characterize the properties of the variety, namely its plasticity in realization of trait formation level. Recently winter bread wheat cultivars with wheat-rye translocations characterized by high adaptive potential have become widely distributed. Field experiments were carried out at breeding fields of the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS of Ukraine. To determine the potential of plasticity and stability data yield of varieties being bearers of wheat-rye translocation were used. The object of the research there were wheat varieties bred at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat (MIW), the Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics (IPP&G), Institute of Plant Protection (IPP): Myronivs’ka 61, Lehenda Myronivs’ka (MIW); Kryzhynka, Kalynova, Kolos Myronivshchyny (MIW, IPP&G); Kolumbiia, Podolianka, Smuhlianka, Vesnianka, Zolotokolosa (IPP&G, MIW), Demetra (MIW, IPP). The results of the research showed a significant variation (0-4) of hydrothermal coefficient, which significantly influenced on the formation of yield of the varieties. Hydrothermal conditions are the main limiting factors for obtaining high yields. Yield expression level of wheat varieties varied from 5.23 t/ha to 9.00 t/ha. In favourable weather conditions in the 2009 wheat varieties showed the maximum potential productivity and yield varied from 7.60 to 10.34 t/ha. Cultivars Myronivs’ka 61, Kryzhynka, Podolianka, Demetra, Zolotokolosa, Kalynova had neutral reaction of yield on growing conditions, and Kolos Myronivshchyny, Kolumbiia, Lehenda Myronivs’ka, Vesnianka, Smuhlianka joined in the group of high plasticity genotypes of intensive type.